The NATO Allied Reaction Force (ARF) is a strategic, high-readiness, multi-domain capable force. It provides multi-domain forces from across the Alliance to produce effects at shorter notice than has previously been possible. The ARF is able to deploy at very short notice, supported by scalable multi-domain force packages to strengthen deterrence in peace and crisis or to create a strategic dilemma for adversaries. Its inherent flexibility allows SACEUR to allocate additional forces to the ARF Commander as required, in any situation.
At the Vilnius summit in 2023, the Concept for Deterrence and Defense of the Euro-Atlantic Area (DDA) was agreed upon.
The DDA outlines military activities and deterrence objectives during peacetime, as well as military activities and defense objectives in times of crisis and conflict, focusing on countering the two main threats posed by Russia and terrorist groups.
Within this framework, the Allied Reaction Force (ARF) plays a crucial role as part of the New NATO Force Model, which supports the DDA Concept. This innovative approach involves the deployment of multi-domain forces from across the Alliance, enabling faster response times than previously achievable. The establishment of the ARF ensures that forces are readily available to SACEUR, facilitating rapid responses to emerging situations across the spectrum of operations.
The ARF is a capable of carrying out a full spectrum of missions. It can serve as a rapid deployable strategic reserve in crisis, it can be deployed to deter vertical/horizontal escalation, and it can also deploy rapidly in response to crises linked to other emerging situations. Multinational by design, an ARF is a clear demonstration of Allied commitment, cohesion and resolve.
NRDC-ITA is designed as the ARF HQ to provide SACEUR with an immediate crisis response capability but also to serve as a transitional structure until permanent ARF structures are established. NRDC-ITA will play a crucial role in testing ARF Proof of Concept, Experimentation, and Lesson Learned, laying the groundwork for future operations. The decision to select NRDC-ITA is based on its proven capabilities and professional approach. Its recent certification as a JTF 2023 demonstrates its versatility across various mission profiles, including Humanitarian and Disaster Relief (HADR), Non-combatant Evacuation Operations (NEO), and combat operations. Transitioning to an ARF HQ will require NRDC-ITA to shift from its traditional role as a High Readiness Force within operational and tactical frameworks to one with greater strategic focus and responsibilities. The selection of NRDC-ITA as the ARF HQ is yet another demonstration of the commitment of Italy to the Alliance and the Deterrence and Defence of the Euro-Atlantic Area.
NRDC-ITA underwent a rigorous series of events, including military exercises, academic studies, and staff training, culminating in Exercise Steadfast Deterrence 24, during which it received validation as an ARF HQ. On 1st July 2024, NRDC-ITA formally assumed the role of Allied Response Force during a stand-up ceremony in Solbiate Olona. On 30th September 2024, for the first time, military contingent of the ARF from NRDC-ITA was deployed to the Western Balkans to conduct training, ensure readiness, and support the NATO-led Kosovo Force (KFOR).
The ARF HQ is supported in its operations by diverse Component Commands from various NATO countries, such as the 1st UK Division, the 102nd UK Operational Sustainment Brigade, the Spanish Joint Special Operations Command, ITMARFOR, the Joint Logistic Support Group, the NATO Space Centre, and the NATO Cyber Operations Centre.